Oyang'anira Odwala - Oyang'anira Chete a Zaumoyo Zamakono

Mu malo ovuta kwambiri azachipatala amakono, njira zowunikira odwala zimakhala ngati alonda osatopa, kupereka kuwunika kosalekeza kwa zizindikiro zofunika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko opangira zisankho zachipatala. Zipangizo zamakonozi zasintha kuchoka pa zowonetsera zosavuta za analog kupita kuzinthu zamakono za digito, kusintha momwe akatswiri azaumoyo amazindikira ndikuyankha kusintha kwa thupi.

Kusintha kwa Mbiri Yakale
Chowunikira choyamba cha odwala chinayamba mu 1906 pamene galvanometer ya Einthoven inathandiza kuyang'anira ECG yoyambira. M'zaka za m'ma 1960 kunayamba kuwonekera kwa ma oscilloscopic screens kuti ayang'anire mtima m'ma ICU. Machitidwe amakono amaphatikiza magawo angapo kudzera mu kukonza ma signal a digito - zosiyana kwambiri ndi zida za single-channel za m'ma 1960 zomwe zimafuna kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza ndi namwino.

Magawo Apakati Oyang'aniridwa

1. Kuyang'anira Mtima

• ECG: Imayesa momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma lead 3-12
• Kusanthula kwa gawo la ST kumazindikira kufooka kwa mtima
• Ma algorithms ozindikira a Arrhythmia amazindikira kayimbidwe kosazolowereka kopitilira 30

2. Mkhalidwe wa Mpweya

• Pulse oximetry (SpO₂): Imagwiritsa ntchito photoplethysmography yokhala ndi ma LED a 660/940nm
• Ukadaulo wa Masimo wa Kutulutsa Zizindikiro umathandizira kulondola panthawi yoyenda

3. Kuwunika kwa Hemodynamic

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kosavulaza (NIBP): Njira ya Oscillometric yokhala ndi kupsinjika kwa mitsempha yamagazi
• Mitsempha yolowera m'mitsempha imapereka mawonekedwe a mafunde a kuthamanga kwa magazi

4. Magawo Otsogola

• EtCO₂: Infrared spectroscopy ya carbon dioxide yomaliza
• Kuwunika kwa ICP kudzera mu ma catheter a ventricular kapena ma fiberoptic sensors
• Bispectral Index (BIS) yowunikira kuya kwa mankhwala oletsa ululu

Mapulogalamu azachipatala

• ICU: Makina okhala ndi magawo ambiri monga Philips IntelliVue MX900 amatsata magawo 12 nthawi imodzi
• KAPENA: Ma monitor ang'onoang'ono monga GE Carescape B650 amagwirizanitsidwa ndi makina oletsa ululu
• Zovala Zovala: Zoll LifeVest imapereka chithandizo cha mtima chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi 98% ya mphamvu ya kugwedezeka

Mavuto aukadaulo

• Kuchepetsa kayendedwe ka zinthu zopangidwa ndi SpO₂
• Ma algorithms ozindikira kutengera kwa ECG
• Kusakanikirana kwa magawo ambiri kuti mupeze zigoli zoyambirira (monga, MEWS, NEWS)
• Chitetezo cha pa intaneti m'machitidwe olumikizidwa ndi intaneti (malangizo a FDA a IoT azachipatala)

Malangizo a M'tsogolo

• Kusanthula kolosera komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito AI (monga, kulosera kwa sepsis maola 6 apitawo)
• Zamagetsi zamagetsi zosinthasintha za epidermal zowunikira ana obadwa kumene
• Mayankho akutali a ICU omwe ali ndi 5G awonetsa kuchepa kwa imfa ndi 30% m'mayesero
• Malo odziyeretsa okha pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi photocatalytic nanomaterials

Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwapa kukuphatikizapo kuyang'anira zizindikiro zofunika popanda kukhudza radar (komwe kwawonetsedwa kuti ndi kolondola 94% pakuwona kugunda kwa mtima) ndi kujambula kwa laser speckle contrast kuti muyesere magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi. Pamene ukadaulo wowunikira ukukhudzana ndi AI ndi nanotechnology, tikulowa munthawi ya chisamaliro cha odwala chomwe chikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'malo mochitapo kanthu.